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KB-006: D1 Authorization Error (7403) - API Token Missing D1:Edit Permission

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KB-006: D1 Authorization Error (7403) - API Token Missing D1:Edit Permission

Symptom

CI/CD deployment to Cloudflare fails during D1 migration step with:

✘ [ERROR] A request to the Cloudflare API (/accounts/***/d1/database/***) failed.
  The given account is not valid or is not authorized to access this service [code: 7403]

The error occurs even after creating a new API token with “Workers:Edit” and “Pages:Edit” permissions.

Root Cause

Cloudflare separates resource permissions granularly. D1:Edit is a distinct permission from Workers:Edit and Pages:Edit.

Common mistake: Creating an API token with only Workers and Pages permissions, assuming Workers:Edit covers all Worker-related resources including D1 databases.

Error Codes

  • 7403: Authorization error - the API token is valid but lacks permission for the requested resource
  • 10000: Authentication error - the API token is invalid or expired

The previous deployment workflow only detected error 10000, so on 7403 errors it would retry 3 times and then fail without helpful guidance.

Solution

Step 1: Update Your Cloudflare API Token

  1. Go to Cloudflare API Tokens
  2. Find your existing API token OR click “Create Token”
  3. Ensure it has all three of these permissions:
    • ✅ Account > D1:Edit (REQUIRED for database migrations)
    • ✅ Account > Workers:Edit (for worker deployment)
    • ✅ Account > Pages:Edit (for Pages deployment)
  4. Save the token

Step 2: Update GitHub Secret

  1. Go to your repository Settings → Secrets and variables → Actions
  2. Update the CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN secret with your new token
  3. Re-run the failed workflow

Prevention

When creating Cloudflare API tokens for CI/CD, always include:

Account Permissions:
  • D1:Edit              ← Don't forget this!
  • Workers:Edit
  • Pages:Edit
  • Workers KV Storage:Edit (if using KV)
  • Workers R2 Storage:Edit (if using R2)
  • Account Analytics:Read (optional, for observability)
  • This issue affects all workflows that run D1 migrations:
    • .github/workflows/ci.yml (Deploy to Cloudflare job)
    • .github/workflows/db-migrate.yml
    • Any workflow using .github/actions/deploy-worker/action.yml

Fix Applied

The deployment action now detects both error classes and handles them in separate branches, so it can provide the correct guidance for authorization failures (7403 / not authorized) versus authentication failures (10000):

if echo "$output" | grep -qiE 'not authorized|7403'; then
    # Provides D1:Edit permission guidance
elif echo "$output" | grep -qiE 'Authentication error|10000'; then
    # Provides API token invalid/expired guidance
fi

Verification

After updating the API token, the next deployment should succeed. If it still fails:

  1. Verify CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID is correct (check wrangler.toml or Cloudflare dashboard)
  2. Confirm the D1 database exists: deno task wrangler d1 list
  3. Check the database ID matches wrangler.toml: database_id = "..."

References